The basis of this is that your ID must be in the list of authorized hosts in the server. So, for password-less login to work, generate your public key, and append it to the authorized_hosts file in the server.
ssh-keygen -t rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh serveruser@server 'cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'
Test by
ssh serveruser@server
If no password is asked, everything worked fine.
You can also do the following command to copy the key
ssh-copy-id serveruser@server
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